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<title>Camera angle</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Camera angle</span></span>

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<p>The <b>camera angle</b> marks the specific location at which the <a href="Movie_camera" title="Movie camera">movie camera</a> or <a href="Video_camera" title="Video camera">video camera</a> is placed to take a <a href="Shot_(filmmaking)" title="Shot (filmmaking)">shot</a>. A scene may be shot from several camera angles simultaneously.<sup id="cite_ref-Pincus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pincus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This will give a different experience and sometimes emotion. The different camera angles will have different effects on the viewer and how they perceive the scene that is shot. There are a few different routes that a camera operator could take to achieve this effect.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Angles_and_their_impact">Angles and their impact</h2></div>

<p>Types of angles include the following:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Ultra_wide_angle_lens" title="Ultra wide angle lens">Extreme wide shot</a></li>

<li><a href="Medium_shot" title="Medium shot">Medium shot</a></li>

<li>Medium close-up</li>

<li><a href="Close-up" title="Close-up">Close-up</a></li>

<li>Extreme close-up</li></ul>

<p>Where the camera is placed in relation to the subject can affect the way the viewer perceives the subject. Some of these many camera angles are the <a href="High-angle_shot" title="High-angle shot">high-angle shot</a>, <a href="Low-angle_shot" title="Low-angle shot">low-angle shot</a>, <a href="Bird's-eye_view" title="Bird's-eye view">bird's-eye view</a>, and <a href="Worm's-eye_view" title="Worm's-eye view">worm's-eye view</a>. A viewpoint is the apparent distance and angle from which the camera views and records the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-Chandler_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandler-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>They also include the eye-level shot, <a href="Over-the-shoulder_shot" title="Over-the-shoulder shot">over-the-shoulder shot</a>, and <a href="Point-of-view_shot" title="Point-of-view shot">point-of-view shot</a>. A high-angle (HA) shot is a shot in which the camera is physically higher than the subject and is looking down upon the subject. The high angle shot can make the subject look small or weak or vulnerable while a low-angle (LA) shot is taken from below the subject and has the power to make the subject look powerful or threatening. A <a href="Head_shot" title="Head shot">neutral shot</a> or eye-level (EL) shot has little to no psychological effect on the viewer. This shot is when the camera is level or looking straight on with the subject.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Point-of-view_(POV)">Point-of-view (POV)</h3></div>

<p>A Point-of-view (POV) shot shows the viewer the image through the subject's eye. Some POV shots use <a href="Hand-held_camera" title="Hand-held camera">hand-held cameras</a> to create the illusion that the viewer is seeing through the subject's eyes.

</p>

<p>A bird’s-eye view <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> shot is taken directly above the scene to establish the landscape and the actors relationship to it.

</p>

<p>A worm's-eye view shot looks up from the ground, and is meant to give the viewer the feeling that they are looking up at the character from way below and it is meant to show the view that a child or a pet would have. When considering the camera angle, one must remember that each shot is its own individual shot, and the camera angle should be taken in context of the scene and film.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dutch_angle">Dutch angle</h3></div>

<p>A <a href="Dutch_angle" title="Dutch angle">dutch angle</a>, also called a canted angle or even simply the tilted angle, is an angle in which the camera itself is tilted to the left or right. The unnatural angle evokes a feeling that the world is out of balance or <a href="Distress_(medicine)" title="Distress (medicine)">psychological unrest</a> in the viewer.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_shots">Types of shots</h2></div>

<p>There are many different types of shots that can be used from these angles. There are extreme long shots which are extremely far away from the subject and might not even show a person at all.

</p><p>Extreme long shots are usually done in a high angle so the viewer can look down upon a setting or scene. Extreme longs shots are used mainly to open the scene or narrative and show the viewer the setting. The rest of the shots are most typically done in an eye level or point of view shot although it is possible to do any shot with any angle. There is the long shot which shows the subject even though the setting still dominates the picture frame.

</p><p>Then, there is the medium long shot which makes the subject and the setting have equal importance and has the two about 50/50 in the frame. Then is the medium shot which emphasizes the character and is about a knees to waist up type shot. Then the medium <a href="Close_up" class="mw-redirect" title="Close up">close up</a> is a shot that has the waist to the chest and up. The next closest shot is the close up which has the shoulders and up or maybe a little tighter on the head.

</p><p>Finally, there is the extreme close up shot which has one body part usually. This can be an eye, a hand or anything else. These shots can be used with any of the aforementioned camera angles.<sup id="cite_ref-Chandler_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chandler-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_techniques">Production techniques</h2></div>

<p>During <a href="Film_production" class="mw-redirect" title="Film production">production</a> and <a href="Post-production" title="Post-production">post-production</a>, it is necessary to give a unique <a href="Alphanumeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphanumeric">alphanumeric</a> identity to each camera angle, labeled as "scenes."<sup id="cite_ref-Pincus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pincus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: "Scene 24C." Camera angle letters are often pronounced on the set using either the <a href="NATO_phonetic_alphabet" title="NATO phonetic alphabet">NATO phonetic alphabet</a> or the older police-style <a href="Radio_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio alphabet">radio alphabet</a>. For example: "Scene 24C" would be pronounced as "Scene 24, Charlie." Some letters are avoided because they look like letters or numbers when written (for example an "S" can look like a "5").

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<ul><li><a href="Anamorphosis" title="Anamorphosis">Anamorphosis</a></li>

<li><a href="Curvilinear_perspective" title="Curvilinear perspective">Curvilinear perspective</a></li>

<li><a href="Cutaway_drawing" title="Cutaway drawing">Cutaway drawing</a></li>

<li><a href="Desargues's_theorem" title="Desargues's theorem">Desargues's theorem</a></li>

<li><a href="Filmmaking" title="Filmmaking">Filmmaking</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">Optical illusion</a></li>

<li><a href="Perspective_control" title="Perspective control">Perspective control</a></li>

<li><a href="Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">Perspective (graphical)</a></li>

<li><a href="Perspective_transform" class="mw-redirect" title="Perspective transform">Perspective transform</a></li>

<li><a href="Projective_geometry" title="Projective geometry">Projective geometry</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_perspective" title="Reverse perspective">Reverse perspective</a></li>

<li><a href="Trompe-l'%C5%93il" title="Trompe-l'œil">Trompe-l'œil</a></li>

<li><a href="Video_production" title="Video production">Video production</a></li>

<li><a href="Zograscope" title="Zograscope">Zograscope</a></li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFAscherPincus1999" class="citation book cs1">Ascher, Steven; Pincus, Edward (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmmakershandbo00asch"><i>The Filmmaker's Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide for the Digital Age</i></a></span>. New York: Plume. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmmakershandbo00asch/page/214">214</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781573221320</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-Chandler-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chandler_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chandler_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFChandler" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Daniel_Chandler" title="Daniel Chandler">Chandler, Daniel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/gramtv.html">"Grammar of Television and Film"</a>. <i>Visual-memory.co.uk</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170823044947/http://visual-memory.co.uk/daniel/Documents/short/gramtv.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-10</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://videomaker.com/article/9128">"All About Camera Angles"</a>. Videomaker.com. November 2002. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180617192730/https://www.videomaker.com/article/9128/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-05-04</span></span>.</cite></span>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cinematic_techniques90" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Cinematic_techniques90" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Cinematic_techniques" title="Cinematic techniques">Cinematic techniques</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Lighting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Background_light" title="Background light">Background</a></li>

<li><a href="Cameo_lighting" title="Cameo lighting">Cameo</a></li>

<li><a href="Stage_lighting_instrument#Floodlights" title="Stage lighting instrument">Flood</a></li>

<li><a href="Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li>

<li><a href="Rembrandt_lighting" title="Rembrandt lighting">Rembrandt</a></li>

<li><a href="Stage_lighting" title="Stage lighting">Stage</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="Sound" title="Sound">Sound</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Cinematic_techniques#Diegetic_sound" title="Cinematic techniques">Diegetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Cinematic_techniques#Non-diegetic_sound" title="Cinematic techniques">Non-diegetic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Narrative" title="Narrative">Narration</a></li>

<li><a href="Film_score" title="Film score">Film score</a></li>

<li><a href="Sound_effect" title="Sound effect">Sound effects</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.0em"><a href="Shot_(filmmaking)" title="Shot (filmmaking)">Shooting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Field size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="American_shot" title="American shot">American</a></li>

<li><a href="Medium_shot" title="Medium shot">Medium</a></li>

<li><a href="Close-up" title="Close-up">Close-up</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian shot">Italian</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Camera placement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">Perspective</a></li>

<li><a href="Over-the-shoulder_shot" title="Over-the-shoulder shot">Over-the-shoulder</a></li>

<li><a href="Point_of_view_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Point of view shot">Point-of-view <span style="font-size: 85%;">(POV)</span></a></li>

<li><a href="Shot/reverse_shot" title="Shot/reverse shot">Reverse</a></li>

<li><a href="Trunk_shot" title="Trunk shot">Trunk</a></li>

<li><a href="Single-camera_setup" title="Single-camera setup">Single</a> / <a href="Multiple-camera_setup" title="Multiple-camera setup">multiple-camera setup</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Aerial_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerial shot">Aerial</a></li>

<li><a href="High-angle_shot" title="High-angle shot">High-angle</a></li>

<li><a href="Crane_shot" title="Crane shot">Crane shot</a></li>

<li><a href="Low-angle_shot" title="Low-angle shot">Low-angle</a></li>

<li><a href="Dutch_angle" title="Dutch angle">Dutch angle</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Camera movement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Unchained_camera_technique" title="Unchained camera technique">Unchained camera technique</a></li>

<li><a href="Tilt_(camera)" title="Tilt (camera)">Tilting</a></li>

<li><a href="Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a>

<li><a href="Shaky_camera" title="Shaky camera">Shaky</a></li>

<li><a href="Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">Tracking</a></li>

<li><a href="Camera_dolly" title="Camera dolly">Dolly</a></li>

<li><a href="Steadicam" title="Steadicam">Steadicam</a></li>

<li><a href="SnorriCam" title="SnorriCam">SnorriCam</a></li>

<li><a href="Follow_shot" title="Follow shot">Follow</a></li>

<li><a href="Dolly_zoom" title="Dolly zoom">Dolly zoom</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Lens effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Focus_(optics)" title="Focus (optics)">Focus</a>

<ul><li><a href="Racking_focus" class="mw-redirect" title="Racking focus">Racking</a></li>

<li><a href="Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li>

<li><a href="Shallow_focus" title="Shallow focus">Shallow</a></li>

<li><a href="Zooming_(filmmaking)" title="Zooming (filmmaking)">Zooming</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Establishing_shot" title="Establishing shot">Establishing shot</a></li>

<li><a href="Master_shot" title="Master shot">Master shot</a></li>

<li><a href="Freeze-frame_shot" title="Freeze-frame shot">Freeze-frame shot</a></li>

<li><a href="Insert_(filmmaking)" title="Insert (filmmaking)">Insert</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul></ul></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div id="Special_effects104" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Special_effect" title="Special effect">Special effects</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="Practical_effect" title="Practical effect">Practical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Aerial_rigging" title="Aerial rigging">Aerial rigging</a> (<a href="Wire-flying" class="mw-redirect" title="Wire-flying">wire-flying</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Air_bladder_effect" title="Air bladder effect">Air bladder effect</a></li>

<li><a href="Animatronics" title="Animatronics">Animatronics</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullet_hit_squib" title="Bullet hit squib">Bullet hit squib</a></li>

<li><a href="Costumed_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Costumed character">Costumed character</a></li>

<li><a href="Creature_suit" title="Creature suit">Creature suit</a></li>

<li><a href="Dead-character_costume" title="Dead-character costume">Dead-character costume</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitbashing" title="Kitbashing">Kitbashing</a></li>

<li><a href="Miniature_effect" title="Miniature effect">Miniature effect</a> (<a href="Hanging_miniature" title="Hanging miniature">hanging</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Prosthetic_makeup" title="Prosthetic makeup">Prosthetic makeup</a></li>

<li><a href="Puppetry" title="Puppetry">Puppetry</a></li>

<li><a href="Pyrotechnics" title="Pyrotechnics">Pyrotechnics</a></li>

<li><a href="Rubber_mask" title="Rubber mask">Rubber mask</a></li>

<li><a href="Matte_painting" title="Matte painting">Matte painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Sugar_glass" title="Sugar glass">Sugar glass</a></li>

<li><a href="Theatrical_blood" title="Theatrical blood">Theatrical blood</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="In-camera_effect" title="In-camera effect">In-camera</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bipack" title="Bipack">Bipacks</a></li>

<li><a href="Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">Bullet time</a></li>

<li><a href="Dolly_zoom" title="Dolly zoom">Dolly zoom</a></li>

<li><a href="Forced_perspective" title="Forced perspective">Forced perspective</a></li>

<li><a href="Front_projection" class="mw-redirect" title="Front projection">Front projection</a></li>

<li><a href="Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared photography</a></li>

<li><a href="Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flares</a></li>

<li><a href="Lighting_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Lighting effects">Lighting effects</a></li>

<li><a href="Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li>

<li><a href="Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filtration</a></li>

<li><a href="Rear_projection" title="Rear projection">Rear projection</a></li>

<li><a href="Reverse_motion" title="Reverse motion">Reverse motion</a></li>

<li><a href="Sch%C3%BCfftan_process" title="Schüfftan process">Schüfftan process</a></li>

<li><a href="Shutter_(photography)" title="Shutter (photography)">Shutter effects</a></li>

<li><a href="Tilted_plane_focus" title="Tilted plane focus">Tilted plane focus</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-lapse" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-lapse">Time-lapse</a>

<ul><li><a href="Fast_motion" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast motion">Fast motion</a></li>

<li><a href="Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li>

<li><a href="Speed_ramping" class="mw-redirect" title="Speed ramping">Speed ramping</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop motion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:5.0em"><a href="Visual_effects" title="Visual effects">Visual</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bullet_time" title="Bullet time">Bullet time</a></li>

<li><a href="Chroma_key" title="Chroma key">Chroma key</a></li>

<li><a href="Compositing" title="Compositing">Compositing</a> (<a href="Digital_compositing" title="Digital compositing">digital</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">Computer-generated imagery</a></li>

<li><a href="Go_motion" title="Go motion">Go motion</a></li>

<li><a href="Introvision" title="Introvision">Introvision</a></li>

<li><a href="Match_moving" title="Match moving">Match moving</a></li>

<li><a href="Optical_printer" title="Optical printer">Optical printing</a></li>

<li><a href="Smallgantics" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallgantics">Smallgantics</a></li>

<li><a href="Split_screen_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Split screen (filmmaking)">Split screen</a></li>

<li><a href="Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop motion</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-04" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Camera_angle&oldid=1304121449">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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